Tashriq Takbirs
The term Tashriq (Teşrik), in religious terminology, refers to the recitation of Takbir (glorifying Allah) with specific formulas after the obligatory prayers on certain days of the month of Dhul-Hijjah.
Tashriq Takbirs
These Takbirs are called “Tashriq Takbirs” (takbîrâtü’t-teşrîk), and the days on which these Takbirs are recited are called “Tashriq Days” (eyyâmü’t-teşrîk). The term “Takbîrü’t-teşrîk” is primarily used by the Hanafis, Zaydis, and some Malikis, while “Eyyâmü’t-teşrîk” is used by all schools of Islamic jurisprudence.
Although the word “Tashriq” does not appear directly in the Qur’an, there are verses that allude to these Takbirs and Tashriq Days (Al-Baqarah 2/198-203; Al-Hajj 22/27-37). While there are various interpretations regarding these verses, it is narrated that Ibn Abbas interpreted the “numbered days” in the verse “And remember Allah during [specific] numbered days” (Al-Baqarah 2/203) as the Tashriq Days, and the “well-known days” in the verse “and mention the name of Allah on well-known days” (Al-Hajj 22/28) as the first ten days of Dhul-Hijjah.
There are narrations indicating that Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) recited the Tashriq Takbirs after the obligatory prayers, starting from the Fajr (dawn) prayer on the Day of Arafah during Eid al-Adha, until the Asr (afternoon) prayer on the fourth day of Eid, including the Asr prayer (Bayhaqī, al-Sunan al-Kubrā, III, 315; Dāraqutnī, al-Sunan, III, 439, 440).
Accordingly, according to the preferred view among the Hanafis, it is Wajib (obligatory) for every Muslim, male or female, to recite the Tashriq Takbirs after each of the 23 obligatory prayers, from the Fajr prayer on the Day of Arafah until the Asr prayer on the fourth day of Eid. The Tashriq Takbirs are considered Wajib by the Hanafis, Sunnah (recommended practice) by the Hanbalis, Shafi’is, and Zaydis, Mandub (desirable) by the Zahiris and Malikis, and Mustahab (recommended) by the Ja‘faris.
How are the Tashriq Takbirs recited?
The jurists have striven to determine the wording, ruling, and start and end times of the Tashriq Takbirs by considering relevant Qur’anic verses, Hadiths, and the views and practices of the Companions.
According to the Hanafi, Hanbali, Zahiri, and Zaydi schools of thought, the Tashriq Takbirs are as follows:
Allāhüekber Allāhüekber lâ ilâhe illallāhü vallāhü ekber Allāhüekber ve lillâhi’l-hamd
In some sources, these words are attributed to Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham).
The composition by the Ottoman composer Buhârîzâde Mustafa Itrî Efendi for the Tashriq Takbirs in the Segah maqam has gained widespread acceptance in the Islamic world.
